India, officially called the Republic of India is located in South Asia. It is the second most populated country and the seventh-largest country in land area. It is bounded by the Indian Ocean, Arabian Sea, and Bay of Bengal. The neighboring countries are Pakistan, China, Nepal, Bhutan, Bangladesh, and Myanmar. India is a secular federal republic since 1950 governed by a democratic parliamentary system. It has been known as a multilingual and multi-ethnic society. The population grew from 361 million in 1951 to 1.353 billion in 2018. India has a fast-growing economy and it the techno service hub with an increasing middle class.

Even though India is experiencing economic growth, the country is facing many socio-economic challenges. In 2011, 20% of India's population lived below the World Bank's international poverty line of $1.25. This has increased since 2006, holding the largest population living in that same standard of poverty. Roughly 30% of Indian children under the age of five are underweight for their age and 15% of the population is undernourished. In 2016, Walk Free Foundation reported an estimated 18.3 (1.4%) million people in India live under the conditions of modern slavery including bonded labour, child labour, human trafficking, and forced begging. Since 1991, economic inequality has grown exponentially. Corruption is also a pervasive issue in India ranking them 78th out of 180 in 2018.